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noTformaT

Python and OpenGL :^)

noTformaT
Jan 17th, 2012
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  1. #!/usr/bin/env python
  2.  
  3. #
  4. # This code was created by Richard Campbell '99 (ported to Python/PyOpenGL by John Ferguson 2000)
  5. #
  6. # The port was based on the PyOpenGL tutorial module: dots.py  
  7. #
  8. # If you've found this code useful, please let me know (email John Ferguson at hakuin@voicenet.com).
  9. #
  10. # See original source and C based tutorial at http://nehe.gamedev.net
  11. #
  12. # Note:
  13. # -----
  14. # This code is not a good example of Python and using OO techniques.  It is a simple and direct
  15. # exposition of how to use the Open GL API in Python via the PyOpenGL package.  It also uses GLUT,
  16. # which in my opinion is a high quality library in that it makes my work simpler.  Due to using
  17. # these APIs, this code is more like a C program using function based programming (which Python
  18. # is in fact based upon, note the use of closures and lambda) than a "good" OO program.
  19. #
  20. # To run this code get and install OpenGL, GLUT, PyOpenGL (see http://www.python.org), and PyNumeric.
  21. # Installing PyNumeric means having a C compiler that is configured properly, or so I found.  For
  22. # Win32 this assumes VC++, I poked through the setup.py for Numeric, and chased through disutils code
  23. # and noticed what seemed to be hard coded preferences for VC++ in the case of a Win32 OS.  However,
  24. # I am new to Python and know little about disutils, so I may just be not using it right.
  25. #
  26. # BTW, since this is Python make sure you use tabs or spaces to indent, I had numerous problems since I
  27. # was using editors that were not sensitive to Python.
  28. #
  29. from OpenGL.GL import *
  30. from OpenGL.GLUT import *
  31. from OpenGL.GLU import *
  32.  
  33. # Some api in the chain is translating the keystrokes to this octal string
  34. # so instead of saying: ESCAPE = 27, we use the following.
  35. ESCAPE = '\033'
  36.  
  37. # Number of the glut window.
  38. window = 0
  39.  
  40. # A general OpenGL initialization function.  Sets all of the initial parameters.
  41. def InitGL(Width, Height):              # We call this right after our OpenGL window is created.
  42.     glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)    # This Will Clear The Background Color To Black
  43.     glClearDepth(1.0)                   # Enables Clearing Of The Depth Buffer
  44.     glDepthFunc(GL_LESS)                # The Type Of Depth Test To Do
  45.     glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)             # Enables Depth Testing
  46.     glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH)             # Enables Smooth Color Shading
  47.    
  48.     glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
  49.     glLoadIdentity()                    # Reset The Projection Matrix
  50.                                         # Calculate The Aspect Ratio Of The Window
  51.     gluPerspective(45.0, float(Width)/float(Height), 0.1, 100.0)
  52.  
  53.     glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
  54.  
  55. # The function called when our window is resized (which shouldn't happen if you enable fullscreen, below)
  56. def ReSizeGLScene(Width, Height):
  57.     if Height == 0:                     # Prevent A Divide By Zero If The Window Is Too Small
  58.         Height = 1
  59.  
  60.     glViewport(0, 0, Width, Height)     # Reset The Current Viewport And Perspective Transformation
  61.     glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
  62.     glLoadIdentity()
  63.     gluPerspective(45.0, float(Width)/float(Height), 0.1, 100.0)
  64.     glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
  65.  
  66. # The main drawing function.
  67. def DrawGLScene():
  68.     # Clear The Screen And The Depth Buffer
  69.     glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
  70.     glLoadIdentity()                    # Reset The View
  71.  
  72.     # Move Left 1.5 units and into the screen 6.0 units.
  73.     glTranslatef(-1.5, 0.0, -6.0)
  74.  
  75.     # Since we have smooth color mode on, this will be great for the Phish Heads :-).
  76.     # Draw a triangle
  77.     glBegin(GL_POLYGON)                 # Start drawing a polygon
  78.     glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0)            # Red
  79.     glVertex3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)           # Top
  80.     glColor3f(0.0, 1.0, 0.0)            # Green
  81.     glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, 0.0)          # Bottom Right
  82.     glColor3f(0.0, 0.0, 1.0)            # Blue
  83.     glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 0.0)         # Bottom Left
  84.     glEnd()                             # We are done with the polygon
  85.  
  86.  
  87.     # Move Right 3.0 units.
  88.     glTranslatef(3.0, 0.0, 0.0)
  89.  
  90.     # Draw a square (quadrilateral)
  91.     glColor3f(0.3, 0.5, 1.0)            # Bluish shade
  92.     glBegin(GL_QUADS)                   # Start drawing a 4 sided polygon
  93.     glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 0.0)          # Top Left
  94.     glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0)           # Top Right
  95.     glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, 0.0)          # Bottom Right
  96.     glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 0.0)         # Bottom Left
  97.     glEnd()                             # We are done with the polygon
  98.  
  99.     #  since this is double buffered, swap the buffers to display what just got drawn.
  100.     glutSwapBuffers()
  101.  
  102. # The function called whenever a key is pressed. Note the use of Python tuples to pass in: (key, x, y)  
  103. def keyPressed(*args):
  104.     # If escape is pressed, kill everything.
  105.     if args[0] == ESCAPE:
  106.         glutDestroyWindow(window)
  107.         sys.exit()
  108.  
  109. def main():
  110.     global window
  111.     # For now we just pass glutInit one empty argument. I wasn't sure what should or could be passed in (tuple, list, ...)
  112.     # Once I find out the right stuff based on reading the PyOpenGL source, I'll address this.
  113.     glutInit("")
  114.  
  115.     # Select type of Display mode:  
  116.     #  Double buffer
  117.     #  RGBA color
  118.     # Alpha components supported
  119.     # Depth buffer
  120.     glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_RGBA | GLUT_DOUBLE | GLUT_ALPHA | GLUT_DEPTH)
  121.    
  122.     # get a 640 x 480 window
  123.     glutInitWindowSize(640, 480)
  124.    
  125.     # the window starts at the upper left corner of the screen
  126.     glutInitWindowPosition(0, 0)
  127.    
  128.     # Okay, like the C version we retain the window id to use when closing, but for those of you new
  129.     # to Python (like myself), remember this assignment would make the variable local and not global
  130.     # if it weren't for the global declaration at the start of main.
  131.     window = glutCreateWindow("Jeff Molofee's GL Code Tutorial ... NeHe '99")
  132.  
  133.     # Register the drawing function with glut, BUT in Python land, at least using PyOpenGL, we need to
  134.     # set the function pointer and invoke a function to actually register the callback, otherwise it
  135.     # would be very much like the C version of the code.   
  136.     glutSetDisplayFuncCallback(DrawGLScene)
  137.     glutDisplayFunc()
  138.    
  139.     # Uncomment this line to get full screen.
  140.     #glutFullScreen()
  141.  
  142.     # When we are doing nothing, redraw the scene.
  143.     glutSetIdleFuncCallback(DrawGLScene)
  144.     glutIdleFunc()
  145.    
  146.     # Register the function called when our window is resized.
  147.     glutSetReshapeFuncCallback(ReSizeGLScene)
  148.     glutReshapeFunc()
  149.    
  150.     # Register the function called when the keyboard is pressed.  
  151.     glutSetKeyboardFuncCallback(keyPressed)
  152.     glutKeyboardFunc()
  153.  
  154.     # Initialize our window.
  155.     InitGL(640, 480)
  156.  
  157.     # Start Event Processing Engine
  158.     glutMainLoop()
  159.  
  160. # Print message to console, and kick off the main to get it rolling.
  161. print "Hit ESC key to quit."
  162. main()
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