Introduce to 3d rendering engine
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This talks about some topics we need to know before designing our rendering engine, and it describes the graphics pipeline how to handle 3D objects drawing.
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Introduce to 3d rendering engine
- 1. XPEC Senior software engineer Ellison Mu 2012.9.20 1
- 2. Game Platforms 3D EngineArchitecture Graphics Pipeline Q&A 2
- 3. Console • PS3 • XBOX 360 • Wii Desktop • Windows • Linux • Mac OSX Handheld Device • NDS, N3DS • PSP,Vita • iPhone/iPad • Android devices Web Browser • IE:ActiveX • Chrome, FireFox, Safori…: NPAPI 3
- 4. 4
- 5. Target platform? Tools pipeline? Programming language? Game design? Reach or Rich? 5
- 7. 7
- 8. As possible as minimize draw surface View frustum culling 8
- 9. As possible as minimize draw surface Tree hierarchy ▪ BSP ▪ Quad-Tree ▪ Oct-Tree ▪ KD-Tree 9
- 10. 10
- 11. As possible as minimize draw surface Preprocess visibility determination 11
- 12. 12
- 13. As possible as minimize draw surface Preprocess visibility determination 13
- 14. Vertex buffer Index buffer Material • Texture • Render state • Shader Execute draw call 14
- 15. Different platform provides different render API DirectX OpenGL OpenGL ES Customized API 15
- 16. Non-platform-dependency codes Render Layer Game Logic Scene Manager Abstract layer Platform dependency codes Software development kit 16
- 17. 17 Vertex Index Stream 3D API Commands Assembled Primitives Pixel Updates Pixel Location Stream Programmable Fragment Processor Transformed Vertices Programmable Vertex Processor GPU Front End Primitive Assembly Frame Buffer Raster Operations Rasterization and Interpolation 3D API: OpenGL or Direct3D 3D Application Or Game Pre-transformed Vertices Pre-transformed Fragments Transformed Fragments GPU Command& DataStream CPU-GPU Boundary (AGP/PCIe) Programmable pipeline
- 18. 18
- 19. 19 (x, y, z) (r, g, b,a) (Nx,Ny,Nz) (tx, ty,[tz]) (tx, ty) (tx, ty) Vertex Image F(x,y) = (r,g,b,a) Material properties*
- 20. Without indexing With indexing 20
- 21. Vertices mapped from object space to world space M = model transformation (scene) V = view transformation (camera) 21 X’ Y’ Z’ W’ X Y Z 1M *V *
- 22. Operate on a vertex to transform it into the viewport space The viewport is two-dimensional: however, vertex z-value is retained for depth testing. 22
- 23. All primitives are now converted to fragments. Data type change !Vertices to fragments The rasterizer produces a stream of fragments. 23 Fragment attributes: (r,g,b,a) (x,y,z,w) (tx,ty), …
- 24. 24 Color R G B A Position X Y Z W Texture coordinates X Y [Z] - Texture coordinates X Y [Z] - … Interpolated from vertex information X Y Z W Input: Fragment Attributes
- 25. Color(v) = emissive + ambient + diffuse + specular Each term in the right hand side is a function of the vertex color, position, normal and material properties. 25
- 26. Each fragment undergoes a series of tests. Scissor Alpha Stencil Depth 26
- 27. Blending: pixels are accumulated into final framebuffer storage new-val = pixel-value op old-val new-val = SrcColor * A + DstColor * B 27
- 29. Lock index buffer, vertex buffer, texture Create device, index buffer, vertex buffer, texture Destroy device, index buffer, vertex buffer, texture VaildateDevice Present Command buffer is full Query::GetData 29
- 30. Group similar material Avoid redundant state change Adv: Reduce probability of full command buffer Separate transparent / Opaque objects 30
- 31. Static / Dynamic type Share buffer is better Large buffer is better 31
- 32. Thank you for attending 32